Flat roofs are a popular choice for commercial properties, offering a sleek design and practical space efficiency. But not all flat roofs are created equal. When managing a commercial property, understanding the different types of flat roofs and their benefits is essential for making informed decisions that suit your business needs. Here, we’ll explore the most common types of flat roofs and their unique features, including:
- Built-Up Roofing (BUR)
- Modified Bitumen Roofing
- Single-Ply Membrane Roofing
- Spray Polyurethane Foam Roofing (SPF)
- Metal Flat Roofs
🏢 5 Types of Flat Roofing To Consider For Your Building
Choosing the right type of flat roofing is crucial for the durability, energy efficiency, and overall maintenance of your building. The right option can save you money and ensure long-term protection against the elements.
1. Built-Up Roofing (BUR)

Built-Up Roofing (BUR), or “tar and gravel roofing,” is a reliable and cost-effective solution for flat or low-slope roofs, commonly used in commercial properties. Made of alternating layers of bitumen and reinforcing fabrics, topped with gravel or a protective coating, BUR offers durability and resistance to harsh weather and heavy foot traffic. Its proven design makes it ideal for office buildings, retail centers, and industrial facilities.
Advantages of BUR
- Durability: The layered construction creates a robust and long-lasting roof, resistant to physical damage, water leakage, and weathering. It’s particularly effective in protecting against wear and tear caused by frequent use or environmental exposure, offering decades of performance with proper maintenance.
- Cost-Effective: BUR is among the more economical flat roofing options, especially for larger commercial surfaces. Its initial installation costs are reasonable, and the long lifespan ensures a solid return on investment.
- UV Protection: The gravel or mineral topping acts as a shield against harmful UV rays, preventing heat absorption and extending the roof’s lifespan while also aiding in energy efficiency.
- Fire-Resistant: Thanks to the gravel layer, BUR provides excellent fire resistance, an important consideration for commercial buildings that require compliance with strict fire safety codes.
- Proven Reliability: With decades of use in the industry, BUR has a well-documented history of success, making it a trusted option for property managers who prefer a tried-and-true solution.
Key Considerations
While BUR offers many benefits, property managers should consider a few important factors before making a decision:
- Weight: BUR systems are significantly heavier than other flat roof options. The multi-layered structure and gravel topping require a strong, well-built building frame to support the load. Property managers may need to consult a structural engineer to ensure the building is up to the task.
- Installation Complexity: The installation process for BUR can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. It requires skilled professionals with expertise in handling the materials and proper layering techniques. This can lead to higher labor costs and longer project timelines compared to other roofing systems.
- Maintenance: While BUR is highly durable, periodic inspections and maintenance are necessary to ensure longevity. Over time, the top gravel layer may shift or erode, requiring adjustments or additional gravel to maintain optimal protection.
- Temperature Sensitivity During Installation: The bitumen layers need to be heated during installation, which means the process can be influenced by weather conditions. This may limit installation opportunities during colder months or require additional precautions.
Is BUR the Right Choice for Your Building?
BUR is a durable and cost-effective flat roofing option, ideal for large commercial buildings needing long-term performance and environmental resistance. However, its weight and installation complexity require a strong building structure and experienced professionals. For high-traffic areas, harsh weather, or strict fire safety requirements, BUR is a great fit. If you need a lighter, faster-to-install alternative, consider TPO, EPDM, or PVC systems. Consult a roofing contractor to choose the best option for your building’s needs and budget.
2. Modified Bitumen Roofing
Modified Bitumen Roofing is a reliable choice for flat commercial roofs, combining traditional asphalt with advanced materials for durability and flexibility. This system uses asphalt-based sheets reinforced with rubber or plastic polymers, making them more resistant to wear and tear. Installed in multiple layers using heat or adhesive, it comes in two types: APP, known for UV resistance, and SBS, valued for flexibility in varying temperatures.
Advantages of Modified Bitumen Roofing
- Weather Resistance: Modified Bitumen roofs are designed to perform well in extreme weather conditions. They resist water pooling, heavy rain, snow accumulation, and harsh UV rays. This makes them an excellent choice for buildings located in areas with unpredictable or extreme climates.
- Flexibility and Durability: Thanks to polymer modifications, this roofing system can expand and contract with temperature changes, reducing the likelihood of cracking or tearing. This makes it particularly suitable for regions with hot summers and cold winters.
- Ease of Installation Options: Modified Bitumen can be installed using various methods, such as torch-applied, self-adhesive, or cold-applied systems. These options provide flexibility for property managers based on budget, building needs, and safety preferences.
- Ease of Repair: Small damages like punctures or tears can be quickly patched, which minimizes downtime and repair costs. This is beneficial for commercial properties where disruptions can affect business operations.
- Energy Efficiency: Some modified bitumen sheets come with reflective coatings that help reduce heat absorption. This can lower cooling costs and contribute to a more energy-efficient building.
Key Considerations
While Modified Bitumen Roofing offers many benefits, property managers should also weigh its potential downsides:
- Lifespan: Modified Bitumen typically has a lifespan of 10 to 20 years, which is shorter than higher-end options like TPO or PVC roofing systems. However, its durability and lower upfront cost can make it a great value for medium-term needs.
- Regular Maintenance: To maximize its lifespan and performance, Modified Bitumen requires routine inspections and maintenance. Property managers should budget for periodic cleaning, sealing, and minor repairs to prevent larger issues.
- Installation Expertise: Proper installation is critical for Modified Bitumen to perform well. Torch-applied systems, in particular, require skilled professionals to ensure safety and prevent errors that could lead to leaks or damage.
Is Modified Bitumen Right for Your Roof?
Modified Bitumen Roofing is a durable, cost-effective solution for flat roofs, ideal for properties in extreme climates or with temperature fluctuations. However, its shorter lifespan and maintenance needs might make systems like TPO or PVC better for those prioritizing long-term, low-maintenance options. Consult an experienced roofing contractor to determine if it suits your building’s needs and budget.
3. Single-Ply Membrane Roofing

Single-ply membrane roofing is a popular, durable, and energy-efficient choice for flat commercial roofs. Made from materials like TPO, EPDM, or PVC, it consists of a single synthetic layer that creates a waterproof, weather-resistant barrier. These membranes are installed by fastening, adhering, or ballasting to the roof deck, offering reliable protection and a streamlined installation process with fewer weak points compared to multi-layer systems.
Material Options:
TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin): Known for its reflective properties, TPO is ideal for property managers looking to reduce energy costs. Its lightweight nature makes it easy to install, and it is both durable and resistant to UV rays.
EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer): With its proven track record, EPDM is a highly durable option that performs well in extreme weather conditions, including freezing temperatures and intense sunlight. Its dark color makes it an excellent choice for colder climates, where heat retention is a priority.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): PVC membranes are favored for their chemical resistance and longevity. They perform well in areas exposed to grease, oils, or harsh chemicals, making them a top choice for industrial or high-traffic environments.
Advantages of Single-Ply Membrane Roofing
- Lightweight Construction: Single-ply membranes are significantly lighter than traditional built-up roofs (BUR) or modified bitumen systems. This makes them an excellent option for buildings with weight restrictions or older structures that require a less burdensome load on the roof deck.
- Energy Efficiency: The reflective properties of materials like TPO and PVC help reduce cooling costs by reflecting sunlight and minimizing heat absorption. For property managers looking to improve their building’s energy performance, single-ply membranes can often contribute to LEED certifications or other energy-efficiency standards.
- Durability and Flexibility: These membranes are highly flexible, which makes them resistant to cracks, splits, and other forms of damage caused by temperature fluctuations or structural movement. They also offer excellent waterproofing, ensuring your building stays dry even during heavy storms.
- Ease of Installation and Maintenance: Single-ply systems are faster and simpler to install compared to traditional roofing systems. Repairs and maintenance are also straightforward, as the flexible material allows for easy patching and sealing in the event of damage.
Key Considerations for Single-Ply Membrane Roofing
While single-ply membranes offer numerous benefits, property managers should be aware of a few considerations:
- Upfront Costs: While TPO and EPDM are typically cost-effective, PVC membranes can be more expensive upfront due to their superior chemical resistance and durability. However, this higher initial investment often pays off with longer lifespans and reduced maintenance needs.
- Seam Sealing: The seams between membrane sheets require precise installation to prevent leaks. Improper sealing can compromise the system, so working with an experienced roofing contractor is critical.
- Puncture Resistance: While single-ply membranes are durable, they can be more susceptible to punctures from sharp objects or heavy foot traffic. Adding a layer of roof protection, such as walkway pads, can help mitigate this risk, especially in areas with frequent rooftop activity.
Is Single-Ply Membrane Roofing Right for Your Building?
Single-ply membrane roofing offers a durable, energy-efficient, and lightweight option for commercial buildings. It’s ideal for warm climates, older or weight-restricted structures, industrial sites needing chemical resistance, and businesses prioritizing eco-friendly solutions. Consult a roofing professional to choose the best material for your needs, ensuring a long-lasting installation.
4. Spray Polyurethane Foam Roofing (SPF)
SPF roofing is an energy-efficient solution that combines insulation and watertight sealing, ideal for property managers seeking sustainability and cost savings. Applied as a liquid polyurethane foam, it rapidly expands to create a seamless, durable layer that conforms to the roof’s shape. Once hardened, it provides excellent insulation, prevents water penetration, and reduces heat transfer. Topped with a protective coating like silicone or acrylic, SPF roofing is durable, UV-resistant, and perfect for commercial flat roofs.
Advantages of SPF Roofing
- Energy Efficiency: SPF roofing is one of the most energy-efficient flat roofing options available. Its insulation properties help regulate indoor temperatures, reducing heating and cooling costs significantly. This energy-saving feature is particularly beneficial for large commercial buildings where utility costs can be a major expense.
- Seamless Application: Unlike traditional roofing systems that rely on seams and joints, SPF roofing is applied as a continuous layer, eliminating weak points where leaks commonly occur. This seamless design ensures superior waterproofing and reduces the risk of damage caused by water infiltration.
- Lightweight Material: SPF roofing is extremely lightweight compared to other systems, adding minimal weight to the building’s structure. This makes it an excellent choice for older buildings or structures with weight limitations, as it provides effective protection without compromising the roof’s integrity.
- Versatility: SPF can be applied to both new and existing roofs, regardless of their shape or slope. It can also be used to repair and extend the life of an aging roof, making it a cost-effective option for property managers looking to avoid a full roof replacement.
- Durability: When properly installed and maintained, SPF roofing can last over 20 years. It is highly resistant to damage from wind, rain, and hail, and the protective coating helps it withstand UV exposure, ensuring long-term performance.
Key Considerations
- Professional Installation: SPF roofing requires skilled contractors and specialized equipment for proper application, ensuring a uniform, durable protective layer.
- Climate Conditions During Application: It must be installed in dry weather, as moisture can compromise adhesion and curing.
- Regular Maintenance: Periodic inspections and recoating are necessary to protect the foam from UV damage and maintain durability and energy efficiency.
- Upfront Costs: While initial costs are higher, long-term energy savings and reduced repairs make SPF roofing a cost-effective option.
Is SPF Roofing Right for Your Building?
SPF roofing offers energy efficiency, durability, and waterproofing, making it ideal for buildings in extreme weather areas. It can lower energy costs, prevent leaks, and provide a sustainable, long-lasting solution. However, factors like climate and contractor expertise should be considered. Consult a trusted professional to determine if SPF roofing fits your building’s needs.
5. Metal Flat Roofs
Metal flat roofs are a durable, long-term solution for commercial buildings, combining strength, sustainability, and longevity. Though the upfront cost is higher, they require minimal maintenance and offer an extended lifespan. Made from materials like steel, aluminum, or copper, these roofs are coated to resist rust, corrosion, and UV damage. Their sleek, modern design also provides a professional aesthetic, making them a popular choice for businesses.
Advantages of Metal Flat Roofs
- Longevity: Metal flat roofs are built to last, often exceeding 40 years with proper maintenance. In many cases, they can outlive other flat roofing options, making them ideal for property managers looking for a low-maintenance, long-term roofing solution.
- Sustainability: Many metal roofs are eco-friendly, as they are made from recyclable materials and can be recycled again at the end of their lifecycle. This makes them a great choice for businesses prioritizing sustainability.
- Strength: Metal roofs are highly resilient, offering excellent protection against fire, strong winds, and extreme weather conditions. Their durability can reduce the likelihood of damage during storms, saving on potential repair costs.
- Low Maintenance: Compared to materials like asphalt or single-ply membranes, metal flat roofs require less routine maintenance and are less prone to issues like water pooling or punctures.
Key Considerations
While metal flat roofs offer many advantages, there are a few factors property managers should weigh before making a decision:
- Higher Initial Cost: Metal flat roofs are more expensive upfront compared to other roofing options such as single-ply membranes or asphalt. However, the long lifespan and minimal maintenance often balance out the higher initial investment over time.
- Insulation Needs: Metal panels can conduct heat and sound, so additional insulation may be necessary to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures and reduce noise from rain or hail.
- Professional Installation: Installing a metal flat roof requires specialized expertise. Property managers should ensure they work with experienced contractors to avoid issues such as improper sealing or panel misalignment.
Is a Metal Flat Roof Right for Your Building?
Metal flat roofs are durable, low-maintenance, and energy-efficient, making them ideal for commercial buildings, especially in harsh weather areas. While the initial cost is higher, their longevity and sustainability can lead to long-term savings. For a resilient, eco-friendly roofing solution, metal flat roofs are a smart choice.

🙌 Choosing the Best Flat Roof for Your Commercial Property
Selecting the right flat roof for your commercial property requires carefully weighing the advantages and considerations of each option. At Embry’s Roofing, we bring years of expertise, a dedication to quality, and a commitment to customer satisfaction to every project. Whether you’re considering the affordability of a modified bitumen roof or the durability of a metal flat roof, our team is here to help you make an informed decision. We pride ourselves on delivering reliable, long-lasting roofing solutions tailored to your unique needs. Contact Embry’s Roofing today for a consultation and discover why businesses trust us to protect their most valuable assets.